JOURNAL DESCRIPTION
The Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety journal ISSN 1024-6177 was founded in January 1956 (before December 30, 1993 it was entitled Medical Radiology, ISSN 0025-8334). In 2018, the journal received Online ISSN: 2618-9615 and was registered as an electronic online publication in Roskomnadzor on March 29, 2018. It publishes original research articles which cover questions of radiobiology, radiation medicine, radiation safety, radiation therapy, nuclear medicine and scientific reviews. In general the journal has more than 30 headings and it is of interest for specialists working in thefields of medicine¸ radiation biology, epidemiology, medical physics and technology. Since July 01, 2008 the journal has been published by State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency. The founder from 1956 to the present time is the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, and from 2008 to the present time is the Federal Medical Biological Agency.
Members of the editorial board are scientists specializing in the field of radiation biology and medicine, radiation protection, radiation epidemiology, radiation oncology, radiation diagnostics and therapy, nuclear medicine and medical physics. The editorial board consists of academicians (members of the Russian Academy of Science (RAS)), the full member of Academy of Medical Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, corresponding members of the RAS, Doctors of Medicine, professor, candidates and doctors of biological, physical mathematics and engineering sciences. The editorial board is constantly replenished by experts who work in the CIS and foreign countries.
Six issues of the journal are published per year, the volume is 13.5 conventional printed sheets, 88 printer’s sheets, 1.000 copies. The journal has an identical full-text electronic version, which, simultaneously with the printed version and color drawings, is posted on the sites of the Scientific Electronic Library (SEL) and the journal's website. The journal is distributed through the Rospechat Agency under the contract № 7407 of June 16, 2006, through individual buyers and commercial structures. The publication of articles is free.
The journal is included in the List of Russian Reviewed Scientific Journals of the Higher Attestation Commission. Since 2008 the journal has been available on the Internet and indexed in the RISC database which is placed on Web of Science. Since February 2nd, 2018, the journal "Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety" has been indexed in the SCOPUS abstract and citation database.
Brief electronic versions of the Journal have been publicly available since 2005 on the website of the Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety Journal: http://www.medradiol.ru. Since 2011, all issues of the journal as a whole are publicly available, and since 2016 - full-text versions of scientific articles. Since 2005, subscribers can purchase full versions of other articles of any issue only through the National Electronic Library. The editor of the Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety Journal in accordance with the National Electronic Library agreement has been providing the Library with all its production since 2005 until now.
The main working language of the journal is Russian, an additional language is English, which is used to write titles of articles, information about authors, annotations, key words, a list of literature.
Since 2017 the journal Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety has switched to digital identification of publications, assigning to each article the identifier of the digital object (DOI), which greatly accelerated the search for the location of the article on the Internet. In future it is planned to publish the English-language version of the journal Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety for its development. In order to obtain information about the publication activity of the journal in March 2015, a counter of readers' references to the materials posted on the site from 2005 to the present which is placed on the journal's website. During 2015 - 2016 years on average there were no more than 100-170 handlings per day. Publication of a number of articles, as well as electronic versions of profile monographs and collections in the public domain, dramatically increased the number of handlings to the journal's website to 500 - 800 per day, and the total number of visits to the site at the end of 2017 was more than 230.000.
The two-year impact factor of RISC, according to data for 2017, was 0.439, taking into account citation from all sources - 0.570, and the five-year impact factor of RISC - 0.352.
Issues journals
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023. Vol. 68. № 6
DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-6-99-105
A.A. Zavyalov, A.N. Solodova, A.I. Tyryshkin, E.V. Kryakvina
Brachytherapy of Malignant Neoplasms of the Cervix Uteri: Current Status of the Problem (Literature Review)
A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia
Contact person: A.N. Solodova, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: To conduct a search and generalization of literature data to assess the relevance and prospects for the development of brachytherapy in the treatment of cervical cancer.
Material and methods: Scientific sources were searched in PubMed / Medline for the following key words: «cervical cancer», «radiotherapy», «brachytherapy». The time horizon covered 2016–2023. Using a time filter, the most relevant and innovative research papers on cervical cancer brachytherapy were selected.
Results: Modern radiology provides specialists with a wide range of methods, one of which is brachytherapy (BT). Brachytherapy is a promising direction in the treatment of cervical cancer, however, its use is largely limited and continues to gradually progressively decline around the world. The reasons associated with this are different: the complex technical component of this technique, the high requirements for the training of BT specialists, the high cost of treatment, and others.
However, it should be noted that most of the current data demonstrate the high efficacy of BT in the complex therapy of cervical cancer. Therefore, research is ongoing to increase the involvement of BT in the treatment strategy for cervical cancer.
Thus, many authors emphasize that the rates of primary complete remission and 5-year cancer-specific survival were significantly higher in patients treated with BT than in those who were treated with EBRT instead of BT (92.5 % versus
73.3 % and 68. 5 % versus 35.4 % respectively).
Modern technical developments in the field of BT are also interesting, for example, the use of 3D printing methods. New applicators make it possible to increase the conformity of the conducted BT. The presented methodology also provides an opportunity for better training of specialists in the field of BT.
An important aspect of the spread of BT and radiological treatment in general, and along with it the dynamics of the main indicators of survival, is still the socioeconomic factor. Thus, there are direct correlations between the total income of a country and the degree of prevalence of BT in it. Some countries are almost completely deprived of the possibility of using BT methods in health care.
In general, brachytherapy is actively developing, opening up new horizons in the treatment of malignant neoplasms of cervical cancer.
Keywords: malignant tumors, cervical cancer, radiotherapy, brachytherapy, literature review
For citation: Zavyalov AA, Solodova AN, Tyryshkin AI, Kryakvina EV. Brachytherapy of Malignant Neoplasms of the Cervix Uteri: Current Status of the Problem (Literature Review). Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023;68(6):99–105. (In Russian). DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-6-99-105
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PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship.
Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Article received: 20.07.2023. Accepted for publication: 27.08.2023.
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023. Vol. 68. № 6
DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-6-106-117
N.V. Denisova1, 2, A.V. Nesterova1, 2, S.M. Minin3, Zh.Zh. Anashbayev3,
S.E. Krasilnikov3, W.Yu. Ussov3
Development of Software Tools Based on Clinical Data and Phantom Studies for Mathematical Simulation Modeling to Assess Brain Perfusion and Improve Image Quality During SPECT/CT with 99mTc-GMPAO
1 National Research Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
2 S.A. Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Novosibirsk, Russia
3 Akademian E.N. Meshalkin NMRC, Novosibirsk, Russia
Contact person: Natalia Vasilyevna Denisova, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Abstract
Purpose: To develop a software package Virtual examination of brain perfusion by the method of SPECT/CT with 99mTc-HMPAO (Teoxime) and its practical application to study the conditions for achieving the best image quality in clinical studies of patients.
Material and methods: The studies were performed using clinical data and the method of computer simulation. Clinical data of single-photon emission computed tomography combined with X-ray computed tomography (SPECT/CT) with 99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (99mTc-Teoxime, produced by DIAMED LLC) of a patient with an ischemic stroke of the right frontal cortex were obtained on a two-detector gamma-camera NM/CT 670 DR GE Discovery (USA) using high-resolution low-energy collimators (LEHR). The measured data were processed using specialized software Q.Brain and Q.Volumetrix MI on a Xeleris 4.0 DR workstation from GE Healthcare (USA) to obtain reconstructed axial tomographic slices. To carry out simulation computer simulation of the procedure of examination of perfusion of GM by the method of SPECT/CT has developed a software package that includes a mathematical Hoffman phantom with the ability to simulate clinical cases of hypoperfusion of different localization and size (Virtual Patient), modeling the collection of “raw” projection data and an image reconstruction program based on the OSEM algorithm (Ordered Subset Expectation Maximization). An important advantage of the mathematical modeling method is the ability to assess the quality of the reconstructed image by calculating the root-mean-square error when compared with a given phantom. In numerical experiments, the dependence of the reconstruction error on the parameters of the OSEM algorithm (on the number of subgroups – subsets, and on the number of iterations) was investigated in order to determine the conditions for achieving the best image quality. A statistical stop criterion was developed and tested.
Results: For the first time, a software package was developed and tested that allows us to investigate errors in the reconstruction algorithm, which is a great difficulty when using clinical research methods. A criterion for stopping iterations is proposed when using the OSEM reconstruction algorithm – minimizing the functional deviation of the chi-square function from the target value, while the detector pixels with non-zero values are combined into blocks according to the 2×2 scheme.
There is a reliable good correlation between the proposed stop criterion and the minimum of the root-mean-square error of image reconstruction. This makes it possible to introduce this criterion into the clinical practice of using computational tools for reconstructing sections of the SPECT to obtain the best image.
The simulation results demonstrated the possibility of reducing the time of data recording, during which the patient must remain motionless, at least twice.
Conclusion: The method of computer simulation developed in this work is a practically useful technology that helps optimize the use of SPECT to achieve the best possible results of brain imaging in patients.
Keywords: brain perfusion, SPECT/CT, computer modeling, Hoffman’s phantom, iterative reconstruction algorithm
For citation: Denisova NV, Nesterova AV, Minin SM, Anashbayev ZhZh, Krasilnikov SE, Ussov WYu. Development of Software Tools Based on Clinical Data and Phantom Studies for Mathematical Simulation Modeling to Assess Brain Perfusion and Improve Image Quality During SPECT/CT with 99mTc-GMPAO. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023;68(6):106–117. (In Russian). DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-6-106-117
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PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship.
Contribution. Denisova N.V. ‒ development of the concept and planning of scientific work, drafting of the manuscript, final approval of the published version of the manuscript; Nesterova AV ‒ mathematical modeling and presentation of its results, participation in the writing and editing of the manuscript; Minin S.M. ‒ analysis of scientific work, critical revision with the introduction of valuable intellectual content; Anashbayev Zh Zh ‒ analysis of scientific work, critical revision with the input of valuable intellectual content, participation in the writing and editing of the manuscript; Krasilnikov S.E. ‒ analysis of scientific work, critical revision and revision with the introduction of valuable intellectual content; Ussov WYu ‒ analysis of primary SPECT data and results of mathematical modeling, graphical representation of results, discussion, participation in writing and editing the manuscript, final approval of the published version of the manuscript.
Article received: 20.07.2023. Accepted for publication: 27.08.2023.
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023. Vol. 68. № 5
DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-5-5-10
S.A. Abdullaev1, 4, D.V. Saleeva1, M.V. Dushenko1, 2,
N.F. Raeva1, А.I. Abdullaeva1, G.D. Zasukhina1, 3, A.N. Osipov1, 2
Protective Properties of Compound Aicar in Vivo Exposed to Radiation
1 A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia
2 N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Moscow, Russia
3 N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Moscow, Russia
4 Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Pushchino, Russia
Contact person: S.A. Abdullaev, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: To study the effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) on the survival rate of mice and proportion of polychromatophilic erythrocytes (PCE) in the bone marrow cells with micronuclei (MN), as well as post-irradiation urinary excretion of cell-free nuclear DNA (cf-nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) in rats.
Material and methods: Male Balb/c mice aged 2 months and Fisher-344 male rats aged 3 months were used. To determine the survival rate of mice, X-irradiation was performed at a dose of 8 Gy, and to analysis the proportion of PCE in the bone marrow cells with MN, at a dose of 2 Gy. Rats were X-irradiated at a dose of 5 Gy. AICAR was administered to animals intraperitoneally at a dose of 400 mg/kg. The drug was administered 30 min before and 20 min after irradiation of the animals. The DNA content was measured by real-time PCR.
Results: The results of the study showed that the introduction of AICAR causes a statistically significant increase in the survival rate of irradiated animals. The greatest effect was shown in the group of mice treated with AICAR 20 min after their irradiation at a lethal dose. The introduction of AICAR before irradiation reduces the proportion of PCE with MN by 30 %, and after irradiation ‒ by 70 %, in comparison to the control. AICAR promoted enhanced urinary excretion of cf-nDNA and cf-mtDNA fragments in rats after irradiation.
Conclusion: The results show that AICAR acts as a radiomitigation effector and promotes active DNA excretion of damaged cell from animal tissues in the post-radiation period.
Keywords: X-rays, AICAR, survival rate, micronuclei, cell-free DNA in the urine, rats, mice
For citation: Abdullaev SA, Saleeva DV, Dushenko MV, Raeva NF, Abdullaeva АI, Zasukhina GD, Osipov AN. Protective Properties of Compound Aicar in Vivo Exposed to Radiation. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023;68(5):5–10. (In Russian). DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-5-5-10
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PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The work was carried out on the topic of the A.I. Burnazyan Federal State Budgetary Research Center «Technology-3» (state task
No. 123011300105-3).
Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Article received: 20.04.2023. Accepted for publication: 27.05.2023.
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023. Vol. 68. № 6
DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-6-118-124
O.A. Kochetkov1, E.Yu. Tarasova2, S.M. Shinkarev1, E.A. Rumyantsev2
Comparison of Photon and Neutron Radiation Dosimetric Systems Used in Organizations of Rosatom State Corporation for Control in A Planned Exposure Situation
1 A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia
2 The Federal Unitary State Enterprise – “Russian federal nuclear center – VNIIEF”, Sarov, Russia
Contact person: S.M. Shinkarev, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: Using the example of reviewing and discussing the results of comparison tests of dosimetric systems of gamma and neutron radiation used in organizations of the State Corporation “Rosatom”, to assess the current state of reliability of monitoring the planned exposure of workers in fields of mixed gamma-neutron radiation using the considered dosimetric systems in order to produce recommendations for corrective actions to ensure a unified approach to conduct individual dosimetric control of external exposure.
Results: All measuring instruments for individual dose equivalent of photon and neutron radiation, presented in comparison tests, comply with up-to-date requirements for individual dosimetric control systems. All measuring instruments confirmed their measuring capabilities, showed satisfactory quality of measurement results and the absence of a systematic bias in the measurement results. Analysis of the results of measuring the individual dose equivalent of neutron radiation showed that problems affecting the quality of the results obtained were identified in the considered instruments of measuring personal dose equivalent. The following factors might be the sources of problems:
lack of knowledge about the real characteristics of radiation fields (spectral characteristics, radiation direction, etc.) at workplaces;
insufficient research of the method used for measuring neutron radiation under real conditions (technical and metrological characteristics and features of the individual dosimeters used);
failure to take into account the weighing coefficients for neutrons of various energies when measuring instruments are calibrated and when real measurements are conducted.
Conclusion: It is necessary to organize and conduct investigations of the metrological characteristics of the measuring instrument that are used under conditions typical for a specific radiation object. After finishing these experimental studies, it is recommended to test the methodology with an analysis of the compliance of the accuracy indicators with the requirements of the relevant guidelines. In order to solve the problem of a lack of knowledge about the real characteristics of radiation fields, radiation safety services of organizations are recommended to organize and conduct research aimed at studying such characteristics using radiometric and spectrometric methods, experimental modeling of the process of personnel exposure using anthropomorphic phantoms and determining correction factors for the individual dosimeters used.
Keywords: mixed gamma-neutron radiation, dosimeters, individual dosimetric control, comparison tests
For citation: Kochetkov OA, Tarasova EYu, Shinkarev SM, Rumyantsev EA. Comparison of Photon and Neutron Radiation Dosimetric Systems Used in Organizations of Rosatom State Corporation for Control in A Planned Exposure Situation. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023;68(6):118–124. (In Russian). DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-6-118-124
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PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship.
Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Article received: 20.07.2023. Accepted for publication: 27.08.2023.
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023. Vol. 68. № 5
DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-5-11-18
E.Yu. Moskaleva1, O.V. Vysotskaya1, E.S. Zhorova2, D.A. Shaposhnikova1,
V.P. Saprykin3, I.V. Cheshigin1, O.D. Smirnova1, A.S. Zhirnik1
Late Effects of γ, n-Irradiation of Mice: Shortening of Telomeres and Tumors Development
1 National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
2 A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia
3 Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
Contact person: E.Yu. Moskaleva, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. , This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: To investigate the telomere length (TL) of bone marrow and thymus cells as a marker of replicative aging late after the prolonged γ, n-irradiation of mice at low and moderate doses and analysis of the appearance of tumors by the end of the experiment − after
14 months.
Material and methods: C57Bl/6 and CBA mice were irradiated at doses of 10–500 mGy at the OR-M facility using Pu-Be radionuclide sources at a total absorbed dose rate of neutrons and gamma rays of 2.13 mGy/h, 75 % of which – 1.57 mGy/h – accounted for neutrons with an average energy of 3.5 MeV. Absolute TL in bone marrow and thymus cells was determined using real-time PCR 2 months and 1 year
2 months after irradiation, and the mean TL was calculated. Tumors found during the mice organs examination after autopsy were subjected to histological examination.
Results: It was shown that the TL in bone marrow and thymus cells of control CВA mice was 2 times higher than the TL observed in C57Bl/6 mice. Prolonged γ, n-irradiation of C57Bl/6 mice led to a dose-dependent decrease in TL in bone marrow cells 14 months after exposure, which was statistically significant at doses of 100 and 500 mGy. A decreased TL in the thymus was found only at a dose of 500 mGy. During this period, TL in bone marrow cells of CBA mice was reduced in dose-independent manner, starting from as low as 10 mGy, but no statistically significant decrease in TL was found in the thymus. The results obtained indicate the acceleration of replicative senescence of bone marrow cells in mice in the long term period after γ,n-irradiation already at low doses, and in thymus cells only at a dose of 500 mGy. Twenty-four hours after irradiation at doses of 100 and 500 mGy the number of leukocytes in mice of both lines was reduced, which was recovered in C57Bl/6 mice after a week, and in CBA mice – after two weeks. In 14 months after γ, n-irradiation, the appearance of tumors was found in mice of both studied lines: in CBA mice, lung adenocarcinoma at a dose of 50 mGy (in 1 out of 10) and uterine carcinosarcoma at a dose of 500 mGy (in 1 out of 10); in C57Bl/6 mice, keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of the uterus at a dose of 500 mGy (2 out of 10) was seen in the absence of tumors in control mice. Histological examination of the liver of CBA mice after γ, n-irradiation at a dose of 500 mGy revealed deep dystrophic changes, the causes of which are not clear.
Conclusion: The results obtained indicate a high biological hazard of prolonged γ, n-irradiation at doses above 10 mGy, since after irradiation at this dose, an acceleration of replicative senescence of bone marrow cells in the long-term period was found, and the possibility of tumor formation increases after irradiation at a dose of 50 mGy and higher.
Keywords: γ, n-irradiation, telomere length, bone marrow, thymus, late effects, prolonged exposure, neutrons, low doses, mice
For citation: Moskaleva EYu, Vysotskaya OV, Zhorova ES, Shaposhnikova DA, Saprykin VP, Cheshigin IV, Smirnova OD, Zhirnik AS. Late Effects of γ, n-Irradiation of Mice: Shortening of Telomeres and Tumors Development. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023;68(5):11–18.
(In Russian). DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-5-11-18
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PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. SIC «Kurchatov Institute».
Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Article received: 20.04.2023. Accepted for publication: 27.05.2023.